Escala de Depressão Pós-natal de Edimburgo para triagem no sistema público de saúde

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utilization of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a screening tool in the public health system. METHODS: The Scale was administered between the 40th and 90th day after delivery to 245 mothers whose delivery occurred at a private maternity hospital located in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil, from 2005 to 2006. All participants were submitted to a structured psychiatric interview (Mini-Plus 5.0), used as gold standard for postpartum depression diagnosis. The scale's sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the best cut-off point. Student's t test was employed to compare numeric variables and chi-square was used for the categorical variables. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's coefficient á of internal consistency. RESULTS: Postpartum depression was diagnosed in 66 women (26.9% of the total sample). No differences were found between women with and without postpartum depression concerning age, level of schooling, number of prior deliveries, and marital status. Using 10 as the cut-off point, the scale's sensibility was 86.4, the specificity was 91.1, and the positive predictive value, 0.78. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of the Scale characterize it as a good screening tool for postpartum depression and its disseminated use in Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS - National Health System) could have positive impacts, with a significant increase in the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of postpartum depression.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la utilización de la Escala de Depresión Post-natal de Edimburgo como instrumento de tamizage en el sistema público de salud. MÉTODOS: La Escala fue administrada entre el 40º y 90º día de post-parto, a 245 mujeres que tuvieron parto en una maternidad privada en el municipio de Bello Horizonte (MG), entre 2005 y 2006. Las participantes fueron sometidas a una entrevista psiquiátrica estructurada (Mini-Plus 5.0) utilizada como patrón-oro para diagnóstico de depresión. Fueron calculadas sensibilidad y especificidad de la escala y se utilizó la curva ROC para encontrar el mejor punto de corte. Fue utilizada la prueba t de Stuident para comparación de las variables numéricas y el chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas. La confiabilidad fue confirmada por el cociente de consistencia interna a de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Fueron diagnosticadas 66 mujeres con el cuadro depresivo post-parto (26,9% de las muestras). No hubo diferencia entre las mujeres con y sin depresión post-parto con relación a la edad, escolaridad, número de partos anteriores y estado civil. Utilizándose el punto de corte de 10, la sensibilidad de la escala fue 86,4, la especificidad 91,1 y el valor predictivo positivo 0,78. CONCLUSIONES: Las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala la caracterizan como un buen instrumento de tamizage de la depresión post-parto y su uso diseminado en el Sistema Único de Salud podría repercutir positivamente con el aumento significativo en la tasa de reconocimiento, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la depresión post-parto.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilização da Escala de Depressão Pós-natal de Edimburgo como instrumento de triagem no sistema público de saúde. MÉTODOS: A Escala foi administrada entre o 40º e 90º dia do pós-parto, a 245 mulheres que tiveram parto em uma maternidade privada no município de Belo Horizonte (MG), entre 2005 e 2006. As participantes foram submetidas a uma entrevista psiquiátrica estruturada (Mini-Plus 5.0) utilizada como padrão-ouro para diagnóstico de depressão. Foram calculadas sensibilidade e especificidade da escala e utilizou-se a curva ROC para achar o melhor ponto de corte. Foi utilizado o teste t de Student para comparação das variáveis numéricas e o qui-quadrado para as variáveis categóricas. A confiabilidade foi aferida pelo coeficiente de consistência interna á de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticadas 66 mulheres com o quadro depressivo pós-parto (26,9% da amostra). Não houve diferença entre as mulheres com e sem depressão pós-parto em relação à idade, escolaridade, número de partos anteriores e estado civil. Utilizando-se o ponto de corte de 10, a sensibilidade da escala foi 86,4, a especificidade 91,1 e o valor preditivo positivo 0,78. CONCLUSÕES: As propriedades psicométricas da Escala a caracterizam como um bom instrumento de triagem da depressão pós-parto e seu uso disseminado no Sistema Único de Saúde poderia repercutir positivamente com aumento significativo na taxa de reconhecimento, diagnóstico, e tratamento da depressão pós parto

Biologia reprodutiva de éguas: estudo do ciclo estral e momento de ovulação

Twenty one mares were used, 11 Pure breed (PSA) and 10 cross-breed Arabicus (CA) from 3 to 11 years old. The animals were teased daily. The heat was supervised by rectum palpation at first twice, and thereafter, three times a day until the end of estrus. Independent of estrus stage, all animals were examined three times a week. To detect the ovulation time, the mares were examined at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 11:00 pm, through the whole estrus period, to observe the ovarian and follicles size, sensibility and consistency. The mean length of oestrous cycle was 24.24 ± 6.00 days, with 7.50 ± 4.16 days to estrus and 17.53 ± 3.18 to diestrus. The ontset of estrus occurred more frequently at 12:00 pm than at 8:00 am or 4:00 pm. Ovulations occurred at night (75%) and 25% during the day. Ovulations were frequently uniform in the ovariums. In 85% of the cases the estrus signs finished 24 hours after ovulation.No presente estudo, foram utilizadas 21 éguas, das quais eram 11 Puros-Sangues Árabes (PSA) e 10 Cruza Árabes (CA), entre 3 e 11 anos de idade. Para identificação do estro (cio) utilizaram-se os métodos de rufiação e palpação retal, sendo que as éguas foram rufiadas 3 vezes ao dia até o final do estro para determinação de sua duração. Independente do estágio do ciclo, todos os animais foram examinados pelo menos 3 vezes por semana. No diagnóstico do momento de ovulação, as éguas foram examinadas às 8 h, 12 h e 16 h durante todo o período de estro, verificando-se as condições ovarianas e foliculares. A duração média do ciclo estral foi de 24,24 ± 6,00 dias com 7,50 ± 4,16 dias de estro. Observou-se que o início do estro foi mais freqüente às 12 h do que às 8 h ou 16 h e que as ovulações ocorreram 75% à noite, estando distribuídas de igual maneira nos dois ovários. Notou-se, também, que a fase estral terminou em 85% dos casos 24 horas após a ovulação

Estratificação populacional em sul-americanos de origem européia e sua importância para a pesquisa genética psiquiátrica no Brasil

Universidade de São Paulo Medical School Department and Institute of PsychiatryUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Medical School Department of Mental HealthUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Psychiatry Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Department of GeneticsUNIFESP, Department of Psychiatry Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical NeuroscienceSciEL

Uma revisão sobre a pesquisa genética psiquiátrica na população brasileira

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: A large increase in the number of Brazilian studies on psychiatric genetics has been observed in the 1970's since the first publications conducted by a group of researchers in Brazil. Here we reviewed the literature and evaluated the advantages and difficulties of psychiatric genetic studies in the Brazilian population. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian population is one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world, formed mainly by the admixture between European, African and Native American populations. Although the admixture process is not a particularity of the Brazilian population, much of the history and social development in Brazil underlies the ethnic melting pot we observe nowadays. Such ethnical heterogeneity of the Brazilian population obviously brings some problems when performing genetic studies. However, the Brazilian population offers a number of particular characteristics that are of major interest when genetic studies are carried out, such as the presence of isolated populations. Thus, differences in the genetic profile and in the exposure to environmental risks may result in different interactions and pathways to psychopathology.OBJETIVO E MÉTODO: Desde a década de 70, quando os primeiros estudos em genética psiquiátrica conduzidos por um grupo de brasileiros foram publicados, o número de trabalhos realizados no Brasil vem aumentando consideravelmente. Através desta revisão, avaliamos as vantagens e as dificuldades da realização de pesquisas em psiquiatria genética na população brasileira. CONCLUSÃO: A população brasileira é uma das mais heterogêneas do mundo, formada principalmente pela combinação entre populações européia, africana e nativa americana. Apesar de a mistura entre raças não ser uma particularidade da população brasileira, a história e o desenvolvimento social no Brasil ocasionou uma grande miscigenação étnica, a qual é observada atualmente. Devido à heterogeneidade de suas origens, diversos problemas são levantados em estudos genéticos realizados no Brasil. Porém, a população brasileira oferece características particulares para desenvolvimento de pesquisas genéticas, como a presença de populações isoladas. Portanto, diferenças genéticas e exposição a riscos ambientais podem resultar em diferentes interações e caminhos para alterações psicopatológicas

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder review: concept, history, epidemiology and etiology

Epidemiologic studies show that till 80% of the women have physical and/or psychiatric symptoms in the premenstrual period, and in about 3% till 11% of them, this disease has serious consequences, causing familiar or professional damages; characterizing the premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The premenstrual dysphoric symptoms happen in the week before menstruation, stopping in the first days after menstruation beginning. A lot of theories have been proposed to justify its etiology. Hormonals, psychological and environmental factors seem to be involved, however there are no strict conclusions to justify this pathology.Estudos epidemiológicos demonstram que até 80% das mulheres apresentam sintomas físicos e/ou psíquicos no período pré-menstrual e que cerca de 3% a 11% os apresentam de maneira severa, havendo prejuízos sociais, familiares ou profissionais, o que caracteriza o transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual (TDPM). O TDPM apresenta sintomas que aparecem na semana que antecede a menstruação, cessando nos primeiros dias após o início desta. Diversas teorias têm sido propostas para justificar a sua etiologia. Fatores hormonais, psicológicos e ambientais parecem estar envolvidos; no entanto, ainda não há conclusões precisas que justifiquem essa patologia

Modulation of motor cortices on manual asymmetries

Differences between hands in motor performance are associated with differences in the interaction of inhibitory connections of homologous parts of the cerebral hemispheres. Modulation of these inhibitory connections in the right and left primary motor cortex (M1) may alter manual performance asymmetries. To investigate this assumption, eleven right-handed male university students performed a discrete aiming task in a digitizing tablet under three experimental conditions: dominant M1 inhibition, non-dominant M1 inhibition, and sham. The Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation technique was used to increase or decrease participants’ M1 excitability. We used a within-subject design, in which we counterbalanced the order of conditions and the order of the starting hand among participants. The performance-dependent variables were: reaction time, movement time, and radial error, while kinematic variables were: peak velocity, relative time to peak velocity, and number of discontinuities in acceleration in the final homing phase. Results showed changes in asymmetry related to reaction time, movement time, and relative time to peak velocity. The interaction between M1 modulation and hemispheric specialization produced specific changes in these variables. Taken together, these findings revealed that modulation of the dominant and non-dominant M1 affects manual performance asymmetries

THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL LEVEL ON ADVANCING AGE AT PUBERTY IN NELORE HEIFERS

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of nutritional level on advancing age at Renata puberty in Nelore heifers. Thirty-one animals at 6 months of agewere randomly assigned in two groups: GI, or control, with 15 heifers that received a basal diet, and GII, or supplemented, with 16 heifers that received a diet with higher energy and crude protein levels. The development of the animals was accompanied by weighing them at 21-day intervals to verify the daily weight gain from 6 months to puberty. The diets were readapted when necessary. The reproductive status was monitored by ultrasound every two days; and by progesterone concentrations from blood samples drawn twice a week. The ovulation was determined when progesterone concentrations were higher than 1 ng/mL in three consecutive samples, and by ultrasound images of corpus luteum; and oestrous behavior in some animals. The GII group manifested puberty at 16.33 ±0.89 months of age and GI at 20.58 ±1.83 months of age (p<0.05). The mean weight at puberty was 302.33 ±21.31Kg for GI and 326.19 ±27.78Kg for GII. The daily weight gain was 0.647 ±0.08Kg for GII and 0.447 ±0.03Kg for GI (p<0.05). Progesterone levels at puberty were 2.7801 ±0.27 ng/mL for GI and 2.5747 ±0.26 ng/mL to GII. Only 13% of all heifers manifested oestrous behavior. The nutritional supplementation decreased the age of puberty onset in GII and both groups manifested puberty earlier than heifers feeding only on pasture in Subtropical conditions. It is possible to have an earlier puberty onset in Nelore heifers through nutritional supplementation, without negative effects on their reproductive physiology.RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do nível nutricional na antecipação da idade à puberdade em novilhas nelore. Trinta e um animais de seis meses de idade foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos: GI, ou testemunha, com 15 novilhas que receberam uma dieta basal, e GII ou suplementado, com 16 novilhas que receberam uma dieta com altos níveis de energia e proteína bruta. O desenvolvimento dos animais foi acompanhado por pesagens a cada 21 dias para verificar o ganho de peso diário. As dietas foram re-adaptadas quando necessárias. O estado reprodutivo foi monitorado por ultra-sonografia a cada dois dias, e por concentração de progesterona de amostras de sangue colhidas duas vezes por semana. A ovulação foi determinada quando as concentrações de progesterona forma maior que 1ng/mL em três amostras consecutivas, e por imagem ultra-sonográfica de corpo lúteo; e comportamento de estro em alguns animais. O grupo GII manifestou puberdade aos 16,33 ± 0,89 meses de idade e o GI 20,58 ± 1,83 meses de idade (p £ 0,05). A média do peso à puberdade foi 302,33 ± 21,31 Kg para o GI e 326,19 ± 27,78 Kg para o GII. O ganho médio diário foi de 0,647 ± 0,08 Kg para o GII e 0,447 ± 0,03 Kg para o GI (p £ 0,05). Os níveis de progesterona à puberdade foram 2,7801 ± 0,27 ng/mL para o G I e 2,5747 ± 0,26 ng/mL para o GII. Somente 13% das novilhas apresentaram manifestação de estro. A suplementação Nutricional retrocedeu a idade à puberdade no grupo GII e ambos os grupos manifestaram puberdade mais cedo que novilhas se alimentando somente em condições subtropicais de pastoreio. É possível antecipar o início da puberdade através da suplementação nutricional sem efeitos negativos na fisiologia reprodutiva de novilhas Nelore

Psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8)

Background: Children and adolescents are considered a population at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic event. The Children's Revised Impact Scale (CRIES-8) is a self-report scale with 8 items that investigates avoidance and intrusion behaviors related to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Objective: The study consisted of translation and transcultural adaptation of CRIES-8 to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Methods: A sample of 235 Brazilian children and adolescents exposed to natural hazards (drought or flood) and non-exposed children participated in the study. The methodological procedure for translation and cultural adaptation were in accordance with the principles described by ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. We also evaluated test reliability and validity based on test content, the relations to other variables, and internal structure. Results: The procedures lead to a final Portuguese version proofread and cultural-adapted. Empirical evidence supports CRIES-8's division in two latent constructs (Intrusion and Avoidance), as well convergence correlations with other measures of child mental health and high reliability. Discussion: A Brazilian-Portuguese version of CRIES-8 is an important tool for a better screening of PTSD among youth who face traumatic events, being a potential informative instrument to identify children at risk

Common Venues in Romantic Relationships of Adults With Symptoms of Autism and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) figures among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite having opposite stereotypes, both ADHD and ASD compromise, though in different ways, skills such as social interactions, communication skills, and social thinking, which may underlie difficulties in romantic relationships.Methods: We evaluated 306 adults about their romantic relationships and the intensity of their love. Participants were from one of four groups:, individuals with ASD-only traits, a group with symptoms of ADHD-only, participants with neither ADHD nor ASD symptoms (control) or from a fourth group of individuals with both ADHD and ASD traits.Results: The ASD traits group had fewer married people and more people who have never been married, while the rate of divorce was higher in the ADHD traits group. Regarding the intensity of love, the mean scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+ASD traits groups were higher in the Passionate Love Scale than the mean score of the control group. Passionate love in the ASD group was no different from the other groups. Small positive correlations were found between passionate love and ADHD and ASD behavioral problems.Conclusion: Marital status was distinct depending on symptoms of a neurodevelopmental disorder in adulthood. Also, ADHD and ASD symptoms were associated with greater passionate love. Therefore, ADHD and ASD behavioral dimensions may impact long-term and short-term experiences of a person's relationship with a significant other in distinct ways. Understanding how people with neurodevelopmental disorders experience love might help us to better clarify the mechanisms associated with their relationship patterns